With the initiation of mass vaccination against COVID-19 worldwide in December 2020, regulatory agencies, academia, pharmaceutical companies, and other stakeholders are working on various safety surveillance strategies based on observational data. The vACCine covid-19 monitoring readinESS (ACCESS) project in Europe…

In late 2019 in Wuhan city, China, a novel betacoronavirus was found to be responsible for acute respiratory syndrome cases and was later termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19),…

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells by binding its spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor of the host. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is a trimer of S1/S2 heterodimers with 2…

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus infecting humans and livestock worldwide. Not all coronavirus infections cause major symptoms but some like SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV can cause serious disease. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has…

The spike (S) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), consists of two subunits including the S1 and S2 subunits. The S1 bears the receptor-binding domain…

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on the global economy and has already claimed more than five million lives. Scientists have developed vaccines to…

The rapid outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the world has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae, is highly infectious, and causes mild to severe…

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were first administered across the world, the effectiveness of these vaccines in many different countries has been studied. In-patient, observational, and population-based studies in the United States have compared the effectiveness of the Moderna…

A new study published on the preprint server medRxiv* demonstrates the influence of prior infectious outbreaks in a large population on succeeding pandemic outcomes. This paper demonstrates that places in the United States that suffered higher numbers of deaths in…

The rapid outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is continuing to spread worldwide. An estimated 15% of patients, mostly with immunodeficiency, were seen to develop severe…